For example, the generation of antibodies depends on animal immunization, which rules out toxic, low-immunogenic or otherwise incompatible targets. Still, a few inherent characteristics related to antibody properties and production limits their usefulness and clinical efficacy. The numbers of antibodies used in research and diagnostics is measured in the thousands, hundreds are in drug discovery company pipelines, and ∼30 are already used in clinical applications. The numerous achievements of modern antibody technologies are indisputable and are covered in a variety of recent reviews. The concept of Antikörper (Antibodies), that was introduced by Paul Ehrlich more than 120 years ago, and his idea of a magic bullet culminated in the development of hybridoma technology and monoclonal antibodies, now an indispensable part of contemporary research, diagnostics and therapy. Harnessing the power of these interactions constitutes one of the biggest challenges of modern biological science. Protein recognition of and interaction with other cell components in the dynamic context of complex signaling and metabolic networks provide the basis of life. Designing molecules that modulate cellular processes through selective high affinity binding to discrete sites on biological molecules still remains a “ Holy Grail” of biomedicine.
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